Scientists Identify Genetic Basis of AnWj Antigen, Establish New MAL Blood Group

Scientists have pinpointed the genetic basis of the long‑standing mystery surrounding the AnWj blood group antigen, a puzzle that originated in 1972. The breakthrough, achieved through molecular analysis of blood samples, led to the formal establishment of a new blood group system designated MAL. By identifying the specific gene variant responsible for the AnWj antigen, researchers have provided a definitive marker that can be used in routine blood typing.

The discovery is expected to streamline the identification of the extremely rare AnWj‑negative individuals who are at risk of severe transfusion reactions when exposed to the antigen. Blood banks can now screen donors and patients more efficiently, improving the safety of transfusions for this vulnerable group. The establishment of the MAL system represents a significant advance in transfusion medicine, offering a clearer framework for matching blood supplies and reducing the likelihood of adverse immune responses.